Article summary
Abstract
This paper examines the philosophical and legal dimensions of Deendayal Upadhyaya’s doctrine of Integral Humanism within the framework of cultural constitutionalism in India. Integral Humanism, conceptualized in the mid-20th century, represents a holistic approach to human development, social organization, and governance. It seeks to harmonize the spiritual and material aspects of human existence, emphasizing the integral unity of the individual and society. Unlike Western models rooted in individualism or Marxist materialism, Integral Humanism offers an indigenous paradigm that integrates ethical, cultural, and social dimensions into political and economic structures. The study explores how Integral Humanism can be understood as a form of “cultural constitutionalism,” where the Indian Constitution is interpreted not merely as a legal document but as a living instrument reflecting India’s cultural ethos and civilizational heritage. The research identifies the legal implications of this philosophy concerning constitutional interpretation, governance, decentralization, and human dignity. Through doctrinal and analytical research, the paper investigates the compatibility and tensions between Integral Humanism and the liberal democratic values enshrined in the Indian Constitution. It argues that while Integral Humanism aligns with constitutional ideals such as justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity, its strong emphasis on cultural unity and dharmic order may raise concerns regarding pluralism and secularism. The findings suggest that Integral Humanism, when interpreted inclusively, can strengthen constitutional values by grounding them in India’s ethical traditions, promoting sustainable development, and enhancing social justice. However, an uncritical adoption risks cultural exclusivism. Thus, the doctrine should serve as a supplementary interpretive framework — enriching but not replacing liberal constitutionalism.